ABSTRACT Inside the Brazilian semi-arid region (Caatinga biome) there are vegetation refuges from other biomes that are present mainly at greater elevations in ancient geological formations such as Chapada do Araripe. This study aimed to understand the structure, diversity and floristic similarity of a fragment of humid forest in order to support conservation strategies for this community in Chapada do Araripe, southern Ceará (708m Alt.), an area of relevant ecological, cultural and scenic value. In 13 parcels of 25x25m (0.8 ha) all individuals with DBH ≥ 5cm were inventoried, observing total height. Floristic similarity was observed using the Jaccard method, comparing it with seven other areas in different regions of the Brazil. Sixty-six species were found distributed in 34 families, in a total of 1,544 individuals with DA=1,997.30 ind.ha-1 and AB =32,618 m²ha-1. Fabaceae (25.75%) and Myrtaceae (6%) had the highest number of species and Brosimum gaudichaudii had the highest IVI. The Shannon index (H') was 3.13 and the Pielou equability (J') was 0.75. The beta diversity, compared with other areas of humid forest (core and disjunct), was considered high and the statistics showed greater similarity with the area of the mesoregion of Pernambuco forest. The results allow the characterization of the area as a vegetational refuge of humid forest, corroborating the Refuge Theory and showing strong penetration of savanna species (“Cerradão”, Cerrado, Caatinga/“Carrasco”), emphasizing the action of climatic impulses that occurred in the Quaternary and pointing to the need to conservation strategies due to accelerated anthropism.

RESUMO No interior da região semiárida brasileira (bioma Caatinga), há ocorrência de refúgios de vegetação de outros biomas que se apresentam principalmente em topos de formações geológicas do período Pré-Cambriano, como a Chapada do Araripe. Este trabalho objetivou o conhecimento da estrutura, diversidade e similaridade florística de um fragmento de mata úmida na Chapada do Araripe, sul do Ceará (708m Alt.), visando subsidiar estratégias de conservação dessa comunidade, área de relevante valor ecológico, cultural e paisagístico. Em 13 parcelas de 25x25m (0,8 ha), foram inventariados todos os indivíduos com DAP ≥ 5cm, observando-se altura total. A similaridade florística foi observada pelo método de Jaccard a partir da comparação com outras sete áreas em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Foram encontradas 66 espécies distribuídas em 34 famílias, num total de 1.544 indivíduos com DA=1.997,30 ind.ha-1 e AB=32,618 m²ha-1. Fabaceae (25,75%) e Myrtaceae (6%) apresentaram maior número de espécies e Brosimum gaudichaudii apresentou maior IVI. O índice de Shannon (H’) foi 3,13 e a equabilidade de Pielou (J’) foi 0,75. A diversidade beta, comparada com outras áreas de mata úmida (core e disjuntas), foi considerada alta e a estatística apontou maior similaridade com área da mesorregião da mata pernambucana. Os resultados permitem caracterizar a área como refúgio vegetacional de mata úmida, corroborando com a teoria dos refúgios e evidenciam forte penetração de espécies savânicas (cerradão, cerrado, caatinga/carrasco) enfatizando a atuação de impulsos climáticos ocorridos no Quaternário e apontando para a necessidade de estratégias de conservação devido ao antropismo acelerado.

Abstract: Parental behavior towards their children's oral health is strongly influenced by parent's Oral Health Literacy (OHL) level. This study evaluated the impact of parental OHL on preschool children's utilization of dental services. A cross-sectional study was conducted with parents of 419 children aged 3 to 5 years who answered a self-administered questionnaire about their perception of their children's oral health and whether their children had already been to a dental visit. Parental OHL level was assessed by the validated version of the Oral Health Literacy Adult Questionnaire (OHL-AQ) translated into Brazilian Portuguese. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses with robust variance were used for the data analysis (α = 0.05). Most children had already been to a dental visit (73%). Overall, 31.7% of the parents or guardians reported that their children had experienced dental pain or dental caries. Parental OHL level was classified by tercile as low, medium, and high. The final model showed independent associations between children who had already been to a dental visit and higher parental OHL level (PR = 1.16; 95%CI = 1.00-1.35) when compared to the lowest OHL level, higher parental educational level (PR = 1.39; 95%CI = 1.03–1.87) when compared to lower educational level, the report of children's pain and dental caries (PR = 1.22; 95%CI = 1.09–1.36) and married parents or parents in a common-law marriage (PR = 1.17; 95%CI = 1.03–1.93). The prevalence of children who had already been to a dental visit was higher among those parents with a higher OHL level when compared to those with a lower OHL level.

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacement of corn with pre-dried cassava root silage (CRS) on intake, ingestive behavior, production and composition of goat milk. Five lactating Saanen goats were used, with 42.5 ± 4.2 kg body weight and production of 2 kg milk day-1, distributed in a 5 x 5 Latin square with five treatments: 0, 28.6, 58.0, 81.6 and 100% replacement of corn with CRS in the diet dry matter. Goats were monitored for five periods of 15 days each. The intake of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber decreased linearly (p <0.05) with the replacement of corn with CRS. Feeding (348.5 ± 62.1 min.) and rumination (468.8 ± 83.8 min.) times were not influenced (p >0.05) by the replacement of corn with CRS, but the ingestion and rumination efficiencies had a linear increase (p > 0.05). Milk production (2.17 ± 0.45 kg day-1), fat (3.49 ± 0.42%), protein (3.11 ± 0.13%) and lactose (4.47 ± 0,11%) of goat milk were not influenced (p >0.05) by the replacement of corn with CRS. Therefore, it is recommended the total replacement of corn with pre-dried cassava root silage in the diet for dairy goats with an average production of 2 kg day-1.

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the monthly growth rate of 100 trees spread in different diametric classes and ecological groups of a secondary forest in the municipality of Igarapé-Açu, Pará, Brazil. These were selected randomly from 30 permanent plots and classified into 5 diametrical classes and separated into two ecological groups: Pioneers and Non-Pioneers. The monthly periodic increment (MPI) in diameter was measured for 11 months by means of diametric bands using digital calipers. The MPI means were evaluated by an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s mean comparison test. Individuals from both ecological groups had similar increments in the DBH IV diameter class and different in the others. There were mean increments in the diametric classes that did not differ within the ecological groups. The trees analyzed differed in the diametric growth rate according to the diametric classes, ecological groups and the month of analysis.

Resumo A Nova Administração Pública (NAP), orientada pelos Princípios da Administração Pública (PAP), incorporou diversas abordagens para promover uma gestão mais eficaz. Entre elas está a perspectiva enxuta, com foco na eliminação de desperdícios e na melhoria dos processos organizacionais. Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre tipos de Desperdícios e PAPs. Para tanto, a investigação utiliza a triangulação de dados do grupo focal, oficina e observação participante como abordagens metodológicas, demonstrando que os desperdícios do processo podem comprometer os PAPs. No entanto, a adesão aos princípios pode beneficiar a execução do processo, reduzindo o retrabalho, por exemplo. Essa percepção contraria o senso comum, que pressupõe aumento da burocracia para tratar de questões jurídicas ou princípios constitucionais. Dessa forma, a análise de desperdícios enxutos segundo os PAPs pode se mostrar relevante e uma nova perspectiva de melhoria dos processos organizacionais na gestão pública.

Abstract The New Public Administration (NPA), guided by the Principles of Public Administration (PPA), has incorporated several approaches to promote more effective management. Among these is the lean perspective, focused on eliminating waste and improving organizational processes. Thus, the present study aims to analyze the relationship between types of waste and PPA. To that end, the investigation uses data triangulation from the focus group, and workshop and participant observation as methodological approaches, demonstrating that process waste can compromise PPA. However, adhering to the principles can benefits process execution by reducing rework, for example. This perception contradicts common sense, which presupposes increased bureaucracy to address legal issues or constitutional principles. Thus, lean waste analysis according to PPA may prove to be relevant and a new perspective for improving organizational processes in public management.

Herein, the synthesis of nine novel glycerol-derived 4-alkyl-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles, using the CuI-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction as the key step, is reported. The triazoles were characterized by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR 1H and 13C) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The nine prepared compounds were evaluated with regard to their phytotoxic, antiproliferative, and fungicidal activities. The fungicidal activity was assessed on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causative agent of papaya anthracnose. All compounds presented high efficiency (comparable to the commercial fungicide tebuconazole) in inhibiting C. gloeosporioides sporulation. The phytotoxicity of the triazoles was assessed against Lactuca sativa. Germination was the less-affected parameter, whereas the most pronounced effects of the triazoles were on the germination speed index and root growth of the L. sativa seedlings. As indicators of antiproliferative activity, the mitotic index was evaluated along with chromosomal and nuclear alterations, all of which were influenced to different degrees by the triazoles. In addition, all derivatives demonstrated aneugenic and clastogenic actions in meristematic cells of L. sativa roots. Therefore, these 4-alkyl-substituted triazoles may represent a scaffold to be explored for the development of new fungicidal agents.

Resumo Introdução: As complicações da hidrodinâmica cerebral em pacientes com derivação ventriculoperitoneal são frequentemente relacionadas ao malfuncionamento do sistema. O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo de coorte de centro único é avaliar a segurança e performance clínica do Sistema Sphera® Duo quando utilizado em adultos com hidrocefalia, pseudotumor cerebral ou cistos aracnoides. Métodos: Avaliamos os prontuários de 112 pacientes adultos submetidos a cirurgia de derivação ventriculoperitoneal e acompanhados por 1 ano após a cirurgia. Resultados: O resultado mostra que 76% dos pacientes melhoraram dos sintomas neurológicos e a taxa de reoperação foi de 15% no primeiro ano após a cirurgia. Discussão: O sistema de derivação Sphera Duo® é uma opção de shunt adequada a ser usada no tratamento neurocirúrgico da hidrocefalia por causas diversas. Ele demonstrou bons resultados clínicos enquanto reduziu riscos de hiperdrenagem. A hiperdrenagem é especialmente preocupante e mórbida em pacientes adultos com hidrocefalia não hipertensiva e pode levar a prejuízo clínico e disfunção da válvula, com sintomas de hipotensão craniana, como cefaléia ortostática e náuseas. Conclusão: O sistema de derivação Sphera Duo® é seguro para tratamento da hidrocefalia, pseudotumor cerebri ou cistos aracnóides em adultos.

Abstract Introduction: Cerebral hydrodynamics complications in shunted patients are due to the malfunction of the system. The objective of this retrospective, single-center, single-arm cohort study is to confirm the safety and performance of Sphera® Duo when used in adult patients suffering from hydrocephalus, pseudotumor cerebri or arachnoid cysts. Methods: Data were generated by reviewing 112 adult patient’s charts, who were submitted to a ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery and followed for one year after surgery. Results: The results show us that 76% of patients had their neurological symptoms improved and that the reoperation rate was 15% in the first year following surgery. Discussion: Sphera Duo® shunt system is an applicable shunt option in routine neurosurgical management of hydrocephalus by several causes. It has presented good results while mitigating effects of overdrainage. Overdrainage is especially important in adults with non-hypertensive hydrocephalus and can cause functional shunt failure, which causes subnormal ICP (particularly in the upright position) and is associated with characteristic neurological symptoms, such as postural headache and nausea. Conclusion: Sphera Duo® shunt system is safe when used in adult patients suffering from hydrocephalus, pseudotumor cerebri or arachnoid cyst.

RESUMO Tradicionalmente utilizam-se modelos físicos construídos em escala reduzida de modo a permitir o controle, instrumentação e avaliação do escoamento. Mais recentemente a fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD) tem surgido como uma ferramenta que permite modelar, de forma numérica, os escoamentos, podendo complementar as informações fornecidas pelo modelo físico. O objetivo deste trabalho é validar a ferramenta de fluidodinâmica computacional (CFD) no escoamento sobre vertedouro do tipo Creager e dissipador roller-bucket. Esta validação foi feita com os dados de um experimento em escala reduzida em que foram feitas medições da posição da superfície livre da água e das cargas de pressão no perfil do vertedouro. Verificou-se que a ferramenta de CFD é adequada para o estudo deste tipo de fluxo, sendo capaz de reproduzir os resultados experimentais. Na execução das simulações numéricas foi dada uma atenção especial à questão da influência da malha nos resultados. Foi observada uma influência importante da malha em alguns resultados, o que mostra a importância de uma análise de sensibilidade deste parâmetro ao realizar as simulações de CFD. Os resultados obtidos oferecem a perspectiva de uso da modelagem CFD como ferramenta de suporte ao dimensionamento de vertedouros e bacias de dissipação de energia. O trabalho desenvolvido oferece a perspectiva de simular o escoamento na escala real utilizando CFD, sem que ocorram os erros associados aos efeitos de escala inerentes aos modelos reduzidos.

ABSTRACT Traditionally, reduced physical models are used to allow control, instrumentation and experimental evaluation of flow. More recently, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has emerged as a tool that allows numerical modeling of flows and can complement the information provided by the physical model. The objective this paper is to validate the CFD tool in reproducing the flow through an ogee crest spillway with a roller bucket stilling basin. This validation was performed with the data from a reduced scale experiment in which measurements were made of the position of the water free surface and of the pressure loads in the spillway profile. It was verified that the CFD tool is suitable for the study of this type of flow, being able to reproduce the experimental results. In the execution of the numerical simulations, special attention was given to the influence of the mesh on the results. An important influence of the mesh was observed in some results, which shows the importance a sensitivity analysis of this parameter when performing CFD simulations. The obtained results offer the prospect of using CFD as a supporting tool for the design of spillways and stilling basins.

Abstract The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 recognized the importance of Li-ion batteries and the revolution they allowed to happen during the past three decades. They are part of a broader class of electrochemical energy storage devices, which are employed where electrical energy is needed on demand and so, the electrochemical energy is converted into electrical energy as required by the application. This opens a variety of possibilities on the utilization of energy storage devices, beyond the well-known mobile applications, assisting on the decarbonization of energy production and distribution. In this series of reviews in two parts, two main types of energy storage devices will be explored: electrochemical capacitors (part I) and rechargeable batteries (part II). More specifically, we will discuss about the materials used in each type of device, their main role in the energy storage process, their advantages and drawbacks and, especially, strategies to improve their performance. In the present part, electrochemical capacitors will be addressed. Their fundamental difference to batteries is explained considering the process at the electrode/electrolyte surface and the impact in performance. Materials used in electrochemical capacitors, including double layer capacitors and pseudocapacitive materials will be reviewed, highlighting the importance of electrolytes. As an important part of these strategies, synthetic routes for the production of nanoparticles will also be approached (part I).

Abstract In the second part of the review on electrochemical energy storage, the devolvement of batteries is explored. First, fundamental aspects of battery operation will be given, then, different materials and chemistry of rechargeable batteries will be explored, including each component of the cell. In negative electrodes, metallic, intercalation and transformation materials will be addressed. Examples are Li or Na metal batteries, graphite and other carbonaceous materials (such as graphene) for intercalation of metal-ions and transition metal oxides and silicon for transformation. In the positive electrode section, materials for intercalation and transformation will be reviewed. The state-of-the-art on intercalation as lithium cobalt oxide and nickel containing oxides will be approached for intercalation materials, whereas sulfur and metal-air will also be explored for transformation. Alongside, the role of electrolyte will be discussed concerning performance and safety, with examples for the next generation devices. Finally, a general future perspective will address both electrochemical capacitors and batteries.

RESUMO O estudo tem como objetivo compreender a dinâmica estabelecida entre o Sistema de Seleção Unificada e a evasão, mediante as estratégias de escolha do curso, da natureza das motivações e das expectativas em relação ao ensino superior, com estudantes dos bacharelados interdisciplinares de ciência e tecnologia, saúde, humanidades e artes da Universidade Federal da Bahia, ingressantes em 2016. Adotou-se o delineamento de estudo exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, utilizando questionário on-line desenvolvido unicamente para esse fim, sendo discutidos os resultados provenientes da análise qualitativa. Destaca-se que os estudantes recorrem a diversas estratégias de escolha pelo Sistema de Seleção Unificada, mas utilizam o bacharelado interdisciplinar, majoritariamente, como porta de entrada para os cursos profissionalizantes. Foram encontrados três aspectos motivadores para ingresso na universidade: o suporte social percebido, a motivação pessoal e o mercado de trabalho. Quanto às expectativas, os estudantes esperam usufruir mais da Universidade Federal da Bahia e de seus benefícios do que do curso em si.

ABSTRACT This study aims to understand the dynamics established between the Unified Selection System (Sistema de Seleção Unificada) and the evasion, from the strategies of choice of the course, the nature of the motivations and the expectations regarding higher education, with students of the interdisciplinary bachelor of science and technology, health, humanities and arts of Federal University of Bahia (Universidade Federal da Bahia), which were introduced in 2016. The research adopted the design of an exploratory study, with a quantitative and qualitative approach, using an online questionnaire, developed solely for this purpose and discussing the results from the qualitative analysis. It should be noted that students use various strategies of choice during the Unified Selection System, but use interdisciplinary bachelor, mostly, as a gateway to vocational courses. Three motivational aspects were found for admission to the university: perceived social support, personal motivation and the job market. As for expectations, students expect to enjoy more of Federal University of Bahia and its benefits than the course itself.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio es comprender la dinámica establecida entre el Sistema de Selección Unificado (Sistema de Seleção Unificada) y la evasión escolar, a partir de las estrategias de elección del curso, de la naturaleza de las motivaciones y de las expectativas en relación con la enseñanza superior, con estudiantes de los bachilleratos interdisciplinarios de ciencia y tecnología, salud, humanidades y artes en Universidad Federal de Bahia (Universidade Federal da Bahia), ingresando en 2016. Se adoptó el delineamiento de estudio exploratorio, con abordaje cuantitativo y cualitativo, se utilizó un cuestionario online, desarrollado únicamente para ese fin y se discutirán los resultados provenientes del análisis cualitativo. Se destaca que los estudiantes utilizan diversas estrategias de elección durante el Sistema de Selección Unificado, pero utilizan el bachillerato interdisciplinario, mayoritariamente, como puerta de entrada a cursos profesionales. Se encontraron tres aspectos motivadores para ingresar a la universidad: el soporte social percibido, la motivación y el mercado laboral. En cuanto a las expectativas, los estudiantes esperan usufructuar de la Universidad Federal de Bahia y sus beneficios más que el curso en sí.

Abstract We report a case of abdominal actinomycosis, a chronic suppurative infection caused by bacteria of the genus Actinomyces, simulating colon cancer, and presenting with abdominal pain and leukocytosis. Computed tomography revealed a mass lesion with irregular contours, infiltrative aspect, with extension to omental fat and abdominal wall, in the transverse colon. A surgical intervention was performed due to the suspicious of a colonic tumor. In the post-operative period, anatomopathological examination showed suppurative nodules associated with actinomycetes colonies, confirming the diagnosis of abdominal actinomycosis. After surgery, the patient was submitted to antibiotic treatment and no relapse was observed.

Resumen Reportamos un caso de actinomicosis abdominal, una infección supurativa crónica causada por bacterias del genero Actinomyces, que simula el cáncer de colon y se manifiesta con dolor abdominal y leucocitosis. La tomografía computada reveló una lesión sólida con contornos irregulares y aspecto infiltrativo en el colon transverso, con extensión al epiplón y la pared abdominal. La intervención quirúrgica fue realizada debido a la sospecha de un tumor de colon. En el posoperatorio, el examen anatomopatológico mostró la presencia de nódulos supurativos asociados con colonias de actinomicetos, lo que confirma el diagnóstico de actinomicosis abdominal. Posteriormente a la cirugía el paciente recibió antibioticoterapia y no presentó Recidivas.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a alfabetização em saúde bucal (ASB) entre os cuidadores e a cárie dentária não tratada entre pré-escolares. Um estudo transversal foi realizado envolvendo 415 crianças pré-escolares e seus cuidadores de Curitiba-Brasil. As crianças foram examinadas para cárie dentária e placa dental. O ASB dos cuidadores foi avaliado usando um instrumento traduzido e validado para o idioma português do Brasil, o Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30. A prevalência de crianças com cárie não tratada foi de 42,9% (IC 95%: 38,1-47,7%). Um baixo grau de ASB foi encontrado entre 15,7% (IC 95%: 12,2-19,2) de cuidadores. A análise de regressão de Poisson multivariada indicou uma maior prevalência de cárie não tratada entre crianças cujos cuidadores apresentaram baixo ASB (PR = 1,35; IC 95%: 1,01-1,79), aqueles com placa visível (PR = 1,28; IC 95%: 1,01-1,62) e aqueles que nunca ou apenas ocasionalmente tiveram seus dentes escovados por seus cuidadores (PR = 1,48; IC 95%: 1,16-1,91) em comparação com aqueles sem essas condições. Pode-se concluir que uma maior prevalência de cárie dentária não tratada foi encontrada entre os pré-escolares cujos cuidadores tinham um baixo grau de ASB.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between oral health literacy (OHL) among caregivers and untreated dental caries among preschoolers. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 415 preschool children and their caregivers from Curitiba, Brazil. The children were examined for dental caries and dental plaque. The caregivers’ OHL was evaluated using an instrument translated and validated for Brazilian Portuguese: the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30. The prevalence of children with untreated caries was 42.9% (95%CI: 38.1-47.7%). A low degree of OHL was found among 15.7% (95%CI: 12.2-19.2) of caregivers. The multivariable Poisson regression analysis indicated a higher prevalence of untreated caries among children whose caregivers had a low OHL (PR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.01-1.79), those with visible plaque (PR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.01-1.62) and those who never or only occasionally had their teeth brushed by their caregivers (PR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.16-1.91) in comparison to those without these conditions. In conclusion, a higher prevalence of untreated dental caries was found among preschool children whose caregivers had a low degree of OHL.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a alfabetização em saúde bucal (ASB) entre os cuidadores e a cárie dentária não tratada entre pré-escolares. Um estudo transversal foi realizado envolvendo 415 crianças pré-escolares e seus cuidadores de Curitiba-Brasil. As crianças foram examinadas para cárie dentária e placa dental. O ASB dos cuidadores foi avaliado usando um instrumento traduzido e validado para o idioma português do Brasil, o Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30. A prevalência de crianças com cárie não tratada foi de 42,9% (IC 95%: 38,1-47,7%). Um baixo grau de ASB foi encontrado entre 15,7% (IC 95%: 12,2-19,2) de cuidadores. A análise de regressão de Poisson multivariada indicou uma maior prevalência de cárie não tratada entre crianças cujos cuidadores apresentaram baixo ASB (PR = 1,35; IC 95%: 1,01-1,79), aqueles com placa visível (PR = 1,28; IC 95%: 1,01-1,62) e aqueles que nunca ou apenas ocasionalmente tiveram seus dentes escovados por seus cuidadores (PR = 1,48; IC 95%: 1,16-1,91) em comparação com aqueles sem essas condições. Pode-se concluir que uma maior prevalência de cárie dentária não tratada foi encontrada entre os pré-escolares cujos cuidadores tinham um baixo grau de ASB.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between oral health literacy (OHL) among caregivers and untreated dental caries among preschoolers. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 415 preschool children and their caregivers from Curitiba, Brazil. The children were examined for dental caries and dental plaque. The caregivers’ OHL was evaluated using an instrument translated and validated for Brazilian Portuguese: the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30. The prevalence of children with untreated caries was 42.9% (95%CI: 38.1-47.7%). A low degree of OHL was found among 15.7% (95%CI: 12.2-19.2) of caregivers. The multivariable Poisson regression analysis indicated a higher prevalence of untreated caries among children whose caregivers had a low OHL (PR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.01-1.79), those with visible plaque (PR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.01-1.62) and those who never or only occasionally had their teeth brushed by their caregivers (PR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.16-1.91) in comparison to those without these conditions. In conclusion, a higher prevalence of untreated dental caries was found among preschool children whose caregivers had a low degree of OHL.